More than eight in ten American Jews say that anti-Semitism has spiked in recent years and even more believe it is a problem in the United States, according to an American Jewish Committee survey.

Nearly three-quarters of respondents strongly disapprove of how President Donald Trump is handling anti-Semitism and significantly more see the extreme political right as more of a serious threat to them than the extreme political left.

The telephone survey of 1,283 Jewish adults conducted from Sept. 11 to Oct. 6 found that 88 per cent of respondents believe that anti-Semitism was a problem: 50 per cent as “somewhat of a problem” and 38 per cent as a “very serious” problem.

Asked if anti-Semitism had increased over the past five years, 84 per cent said it had: 43 per cent said a lot, and 41 said somewhat.

Just two per cent of respondents said they had been victims of a physical anti-Semitic attack over the same time frame, but 23 per cent said they had been the target of an anti-Semitic remark in person, by mail or over the phone, and 20 per cent said they had been targeted through social media.

“American Jews could not be clearer about the reality of anti-Semitism in the U.S.,” the American Jewish Committee’s CEO, David Harris, said in a news release Wednesday. “Our survey provides, for the first time, an in-depth assessment of American Jewish perceptions of, and experiences with, anti-Semitism in their own country. This hatred is real, comes from multiple sources, and is growing. It needs to be taken seriously and dealt with in a sustained, multi-pronged response.”

Asked if they approve or disapprove of Trump’s handling of anti-Semitism, 72 per cent said they disapprove — 62 per cent strongly — and 24 per cent approve.

Trump has spoken out forcefully at times against anti-Semitism, but also has equivocated at times, notably after the deadly neo-Nazi march in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017. He also has downplayed the threat of violent white nationalism.

The president’s overall ratings saw similar numbers: 76 per cent unfavourable and 22 per cent favourable.

The respondents mostly identified as liberal, at 56 per cent, and Democrats, at 53 per cent. Among the others, 21 per cent each identified as “middle of the road” and conservative. Fourteen per cent said they were Republicans and 23 per cent Independents.

They were likelier to perceive a threat from the far right and radical Muslims than they did from the left. The extreme right posed a threat for 89 per cent of respondents, including 49 per cent who said it was very serious and 29 per cent calling it moderately serious.

Asked about “extremism in the name of Islam,” 85 per cent said it posed a threat: 27 per cent each said it was very serious and moderately serious, and 31 per cent calling it slight. Asked about extremism from the extreme left, 64 per cent identified a threat, with a total of 36 per cent calling it very serious or moderately serious, and 28 per cent saying the threat is slight.

Asked about the political parties and their responsibility for the current level of anti-Semitism, the respondents rated Republicans at 6.2 on a scale with 10 as the highest, while Democrats came in at 3.6.

Nearly two-thirds of respondents were familiar or somewhat familiar with the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement targeting Israel. Twenty-four per cent said they were not at all familiar with BDS.

Of the 1,013 respondents who had at least some familiarity with the movement, 35 per cent characterized it as “mostly anti-Semitic,” 47 per cent said it had “some anti-Semitic supporters” and 14 per cent said it was not anti-Semitic.

Asked to characterize the statement “Israel has no right to exist,” 84 per cent of respondents said it was anti-Semitic. They also were asked about two other statements: “The U.S. government only supports Israel because of Jewish money” and “American Jews are more loyal to Israel than to America.” The former was seen as anti-Semitic by 80 per cent and the latter by 73 per cent.

Asked if they “avoid certain places, events, or situations out of concern for your safety or comfort as a Jew,” 25 per cent of respondents said they did, while 31 per cent said they avoided “publicly wearing, carrying, or displaying things that might help people identify you as a Jew.”

The survey did not break down those numbers to assess whether the core issue was safety or comfort, nor did it place the question in a time frame. There are factors not having to do with anti-Semitism that inhibit Jewish participation in certain things — many Orthodox Jews, for instance, will not enter a church because of religious prohibitions. Notably, just five per cent avoided “visiting Jewish institutions or participating in Jewish events because you would not feel safe there.”

The AJC said the survey, conducted by SSRS, had a margin of error of 4.2 percentage points.